2019 рік

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    COMPARISON OF THE THROUGHPUT OF THE CARRIERR SENSE MULTIPLE ACCESS PROTOCOL WITH CONFLICTS RESOLVING ON THE PHYSICAL LEVEL. Порівняння пропускної здатності протоколу множинного доступу контролю несівної з розв'язання конфліктів на фізичному рівні
    (2019) Yerokhin, V.; Єрохін, В.; Poliakova, A.; Полякова, А.; Sboiev, R.; Сбоєв, Р.
    At present, the global growth of communication needs makes us more efficient in using of the frequency spectrum. Assuming that at one frequency there is an opportunity to transmit several mutual interference signals at one time, the problem is the separation of these signals. But, complexity of demodulation procedures has significantly increased compared to the classical. Thus, we must determine whether a reasonable increase of complexity and how will increase the throughput of some communication system. In researching we will choose carrier sense multiple access protocol.
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    СТАБІЛЬНВСТЬ АВТЕНТИФІКАЦІЙНИХ ОЗНАК ВНУТРІШНІХ ЕЛЕКТРИЧНИХ ШУМІВ КОМ'ПЮТЕРІВ. STABILITY OF AUTHENTICATION SIGNS OF INTERNAL ELECTRICAL NOISE OF COMPUTERS
    (2019) Нємкова, Олена Анатоліївна; Niemkova, Olena; Шандра, Зіновій Антонович; Shandra, Zinovii
    The article is devoted to an experimental study of the influence of external electromagnetic fields of various natures, as well as the most probable internal causes that arise during computer operation on authentication templates of internal electrical noise. As authentication templates of computer noise, bit and peak templates were used, which were calculated from the values of the normalized autocorrelation functions of discrete samples of internal electrical noise, as well as the corresponding thresholds were calculated. The use of such templates is possible due to the property of the autocorrelation function of stationary noise to maintain a constant shape. The presence of strong external electromagnetic fields can distort the noise measured by the ADC of the computer so that the distance between the current template and the template, measured in the absence of electromagnetic disturbances, is greater than the threshold. The instability of internal electrical noise may be due to the operation of a pulse- width converter of the power supply (DC/AC), which is possible with a variable load on the central processor. The effects of various factors that could be causing instability of internal electrical noise were measured using a laptop with a low noise level. It was experimentally proved that such factors as the operation of the central processor with an average load (the average load on the cores of the central processor was 68 %), the operation of the video card in the movie viewing mode (without sound), fluctuations in the external temperature from 5 °C to 36 °C, work office and household appliances, including mobile and radiotelephones, the conditions of electric transport do not affect the template within the authentication threshold. External factors that can significantly affect the pattern, such as intense electromagnetic radiation in close proximity to airports, broadcast towers, or in pre-thunderstorm weather, have a fairly low implementation risk, of the order of 3–5 %, therefore, re-conducting noise measurement at subsequent times will enable authentication.
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    ЕРГОНОМІЧНІ ВИМОГИ ДО СПЕЦІАЛЬНОГО (ФОРМЕНОГО) ОДЯГУ ЛІТНЬОГО АСОРТИМЕНТУ. ERGONOMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIAL CLOTHING (UNIFORM) IN SUMMER
    (2019) Сергієнко, Любов Григорівна; Serhiienko, Liubov; Бакал, Віталій Павлович; Bakal, Vitalii
    Research paper has a set of ergonomic indicators, which should be taken into account when designing summer special (uniform) clothing for the National Police. Special-purpose clothing must meet a number of ergonomic requirements: have protective functions, meet hygienic requirements, be as comfortable and functional as possible. Violation of these requirements can lead to significant changes in human functional systems, namely: cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, endocrine and the like. Therefore, special attention is drawn to the ergonomic aspects of design, which provide a combination of safety and convenience (comfort) of the user. The existing systems of classification of ergonomic requirements for industrial clothing require an improvement in accordance with each product range. In the paper, the authors suggest a generalized classification of ergonomic requirements, which include a set of anthropometric, hygienic, physiological and psychological indicators for special (uniform) summer range for National Police officers. The study of a set of ergonomic indicators for special (uniform) clothing was carried out by the method of theoretical and analytical study of existing classifications of ergonomic indicators for industrial clothing. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is that on the basis of theoretical researches the basic ergonomic requirements for special (uniform) clothing of the summer assortment are determined, their generalized classification and structure are carried out and also the structure of each individual indicator, that is part of the ergonomics, is determined. In their conclusions, the authors state that in order to obtain high-quality special (uniform) clothing of the summer range, it is necessary to take into account the whole range of ergonomic requirements, that are put to this range of clothing. The result of the study can be used in the development of new and improvement of existing items (kits) of unilateral special summer uniform of police officers.
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    ОСОБЛИВОСТІ БУДОВИ ШТИФТОВИХ ЦИЛІНДРОВИХ МЕХАНІЗМІВ MUL-T-LOCK®1. PECULIARITIES OF THE STRUCTURE OF MUL-T-LOCK® CYLINDER PINS
    (2019) Филь, Р.С.; Fyl, R.S.
    Research article discusses the principle of operation of cylinder mechanisms of models 7x7®, Integrator™, Classic, Interactive® by Mul-T-Lock®. The gaps in the current regulations of Ukraine, which made it impossible to conduct operational and investigative activities of the National Police of Ukraine, were considered. In order to reveal the problems of the research subject, the constructions, technical characteristics and levels of resistance to different methods of hacking of the considered mechanisms are investigated. Data on the structure of their bodies, cylinders, pins and keys to them, as well as the level of interchangeability of individual components are given. The interaction of the main components of cylinders in different modes of operation is described. The order of applying the code of cylinder mechanisms on their carrier is given – the key. Key profiles, typical for mechanisms, which are officially delivered to Ukraine, are specified. The geometrical sizes of code pins in pairs are determined and the constructive methods aimed at increasing the security of mechanisms from manipulative methods of breaking are described. The level of resistance of cylinder mechanisms to burglary is analyzed in accordance with GOST EN 1303:2014. The technical solution aimed at improving the performance of locks is proposed.
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    МЕТОДИ ВИПРОБУВАНЬ ЗАХИСНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ЗАСОБІВ ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНОГО БРОНЕЗАХИСТУ. METHODS FOR TESTING THE PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF PERSONAL BULLETPROOF PROTECTION
    (2019) Власов, В.А.; Vlasov, V.A.; Іванілова, Н.А.; Ivanilova, N.A.
    Research article highlights the methods of testing the protective properties of the developed national standards DSTU 8782: 2018 “Personal protective equipment. Bulletproof vests. Classification. General specifications”, DSTU 8788: 2018 “Personal protective equipment. Bulletproof vests. Methods of control of protective properties” and DSTU 8835: 2019 “Personal protective equipment. Bulletproof helmets. Classification. General technical conditions” defining climatic conditions and ballistic test regimes to assess the quality of personal protective equipment from the point of view of monitoring its protective properties. The article considers the peculiarities of testing the protective properties of such personal protective equipment as bulletproof vests and bulletproof helmets in accordance with their design features of climatic conditions of the test, requirements for personnel, testing equipment. In the article the authors give the classification of bulletproof vests and helmets adopted in Ukraine according to the stability of this personal protective equipment to the action of firearms bullets, as well as special classes of bulletproof vests on their resistance to cold weapons and fragments of shells, mines or hand grenades. The means of destruction are characterized: calibers of cartridges, weight and construction of balls. The article concentrates all stages of the test from the identification of samples of personal protective equipment provided for testing, to the features of the location of equipment during the tests of both bulletproof vests and helmets, the algorithm of testing, processing and fixing the results. Requirements are provided to demonstrate that the personal protective equipment complies with the declared class. The authors conclude that ballistic tests in accordance with the requirements of the established national standards will create prerequisites for improving the safety and quality of personal protective equipment, such as bulletproof vests and bulletproof helmets, as well as create prerequisites for increasing the level of protection of consumers’ interests of the above-mentioned products, improving the technical and economic performance of production of bulletproof vests and helmets in Ukraine.
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    ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЗУБОХОНІНГУВАННЯ ЗУБЧАСТИХ КОЛІС ПІСЛЯ ШЕВІНГУВАННЯ І ТЕРМООБРОБКИ. STUDY OF GEAR HONING OF COGWHEELS AFTER GEAR SHAVING AND HEAT PROCESSING
    (2019) Кривошея, Анатолій Васильович; Kryvoshe³a, Anatolii; Возний, В'ячеслав Вікторович; Voznyi, Viacheslav; Мельник, Володимир Євгенович; Melnyk, Volodymyr; Підгаєцький, Михайло Матвійович; Pidhaietskyi, Mykhailo
    Research paper considers a new method of gearing cylindrical gears, after gear shaving and heat processing with worm diamond elastic hones. The main disadvantages of the existing methods of gearing honing are given. The main advantage of the new method of gear honing is that serial milling or grinding machines can be used to implement it. To ensure spring linkage in the system tool–detail a special device has been developed. As a tool, a specially developed diamond elastic worm hone instead of a disk hone was used. The use of worm hone equalized the cutting speed of the gear height and significantly reduced the dynamic load while gear honing, compared with the disk gear hone. The characteristics of the diamond worm hone, the modes and quality of machining gears are stated. To assess the quality of machining gears, the surface roughness parameters were used, which were measured before gearing honing. For measuring the roughness of the surface of gear honing, a complex was created by measurement with data output to a computer. The complex is connected to a computer, which allows to automatically obtain the following roughness parameters: Ra, Rq, Rt, Rz, Rc, Rsm, as well as the supporting curve. The roughness was measured both along the involute profile and along the honing line of the cogwheel. For statistical assessment of the results, the roughness supporting curves were constructed before and after processing. From the analysis of the scattering curves, it was found that the roughness of the surface of the gear wheels after gear honing can be reduced by 2–3 times. In addition to providing roughness parameters, the process of gear honing allows correcting local defects (cracks) of the profile. All gears after the gearing are recognized as suitable ones for the construction of hydraulic machines. The conclusions and perspectives of further research are presented.
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    ТЕХНІЧНИЙ КОНТРОЛЬ ЯКОСТІ ОДНОСТРОЮ (ФОРМЕНОГО ОДЯГУ). TECHNICAL QUALITY CONTROL OF UNIFORMS (UNIFORMS-STYLE CLOTHES)
    (2019) Сергієнко, Любов Григорівна; Serhiienko, Liubov
    The article deals with the peculiarities of technical control of uniform samples (uniform-style clothes). Technical quality control is the basis of any method of quality management as in Ukraine but also abroad. Quality control is understood as verification of conformity of quantitative, qualitative characteristics of products or process, on which the quality of products depends on the established technical requirements. Technical control of uniforms (uniforms-style clothes) includes checking the compliance of products (samples) with the established technical requirements and standard. Its essence consists in obtaining information about the state of the object of control and comparing the obtained results with the established requirements fixed in drawings, standards, supply contracts and the like. The current classifications of types and methods of garment control require improvement in accordance with each product range. The article considers the peculiarities of technical control of garments. The basic types of technical control, as well as methods of quality control of garments are defined. On the basis of the conducted analysis of types and methods of control the table of basic principles of carrying out of scientific and technical examination of samples of uniform (uniform- style clothes) is made. Research of types and control methods for uniforms (uniform-style clothes) was carried out by the method of theoretical and analytical research on existing classifications of types and control methods for garments. The novelty of receiving the findings lies in the fact that on the basis of theoretical research the objects, methods, means of checking the uniform samples are determined, and also the table of basic principles of carrying out the scientific and technical examination of the uniform samples (uniform-style clothes) is compiled. The author concludes that the process of scientific and technical expertise of items (kits) of uniforms (uniforms-style clothes) is an important milestone for obtaining high-quality uniforms (uniform-style clothes). The research results can be used in the process of scientific and technical expertise of items (kits) of uniform (uniform-style clothes).
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    БАГАТОРІВНЕВА БЕЗПЕКА ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ СИСТЕМ. MULTI-LEVEL SECURITY OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
    (2019) Дудикевич, Валерій Богданович; Dudykevych, Valerii; Микитин, Галина Василівна; Mykytyn, Halyna
    Multi-level Information Security (infosec) model of Information Systems (IS) is made of three levels: external, internal and mandatory security policy. External and internal security levels are based on conception “object – threat – protection”. Among the IS external security threats: the absence of zones of authorized access, unauthorized access (UAA) in the equipment repair mode, hardware and power supply failures. To protect information on IS external level are used: access control systems, radio frequency identification systems, closed circuit television, biometric systems that provides: access control and restriction, monitoring of buildings and rooms by using workstations, usage of passwords and employees’ access sharing , biometric protection against UAA. The threats of internal IS was considered: objective, subjective, casual, purposeful. Among the casual threats to IS security: failures and malfunctions of hardware, power supply failures, sensor glitches etc. Purposeful threats are based on offender’s behavior model and lead to leakage of confidential data, its unauthorized modification and its purposeful destruction. Technologies of providing infosec on hardware and software IS levels were presented. The infosec hardware levels provides: detection of tap devices, suppression of side electromagnetic radiation and interference etc. The infosec software level provides: subject identification/authentication, encryption of information resources, detecting software taps etc. Mandatory security policy provides a high level of information protection security due to the algorithm of countering information leakage from high- access objects to low-access objects. Multi-level IS security model is universal-designed and can be modified for informatization tasks and intellectualization of public infra- structure objects in the area of providing security infosec.
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    ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИГОТОВЛЕННЯ ЧАВУННИХ ДЕТАЛЕЙ ЗІ ЗНОСОСТІЙКОЮ ТА УДАРОСТІЙКОЮ ЧАСТИНАМИ З ОДНОГО РОЗПЛАВУ. FEATURES OF CAST-IRON PARTS WITH WEAR-RESISTANT AND SHATTERPROOF PARTS FROM THE SAME MELTDOWN
    (2019) Фесенко, Максим Анатолійович; Fesenko, Maksym; Фесенко, Анатолій Миколайович; Fesenko, Anatolii; Кучинський, Юрій Дмитрович; Kuchynskyi, Yurii; Филь, Руслан Сергійович; Fyl, Ruslan
    In this article the results of researches concerning new technological methods of production of cast iron parts (castings) with differentiated properties in their local parts from the base melt melted in one melting aggregate are given. It is noted that using cast iron castings with differentiated properties is a promising area of various industries for the design of new machines, mechanisms and other special equipment with improved performance characteristics. It is stressed that cast iron parts with differentiated properties, especially with the combination of parts made of wear-resistant white and shatterproof high-strength cast irons, are practically not used in industry. The most widespread foundry methods of production of cast iron with differentiated properties have been analyzed and their main drawbacks have been revealed, which promoted the development of new foundry methods and conduction of corresponding researches. According to the new technological methods the differentiation of cast iron structure and properties in different parts of castings is achieved due to the in-shno- form processing of the base melt flow, which is melted in one melting unit, in separate reaction chambers of the casting system of the casting mold of carbido-utvoryuvalnym and spheroidalnym additives. This makes it possible to manufacture castings with a combination of the structure and properties of wear-resistant white cast iron and high- strength high-strength cast iron with spheroidal graphite, designed for use in shock- free as well as shock-abrasive wearing. Mathematical and physical modeling and full-scale experiments were carried out, which confirmed the possibility of realization of the proposed technological methods and made it possible to establish optimal conditions and modes of formation of differentiated structures and properties in castings. The advantages of the proposed technological methods of differentiating the structure and properties of metal castings, as well as the prospects of their use in various industries for a wide range of cast products are highlighted.
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    ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ЦІАНАКРИЛОВОГО МЕТОДУ ВИЯВЛЕННЯ ЛАТЕНТНИХ СЛІДІВ РУК ІЗ ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ВАКУУМНОЇ КАМЕРИ. THE HARNESSING OF CIANOACRYLATE METHOD OF DETECTING LATENT HANDPRINTS USING A VACUUM CHAMBER
    (2019) Мамотенко, Петро Іванович; Mamotenko, Petro
    The article highlights the mechanism of reaction between the esters of cyanoacrylic acid with amino acids and water contained in sweat and adipose substance. Examples of the suitability of the cyanoacrylate method for the detection of hand marks on different types of surfaces under study are given. It is noted that the proposed method is most suitable for the identification of hand marks on surfaces such as polyethylene films, cellophane, various types of metals and alloys, plastics, glossy dense cardboard, glossy and copying paper, smooth leather substitute. Attention is drawn to the fact that the method is not suitable for detecting traces on porous surfaces (paper, unpainted cardboard, wood, the like). It is emphasized that after detection of traces of cyanoacrylate, it becomes impossible to conduct biomedical studies of the sweat and adipose. The advantages and disadvantages of the cyanoacrylate method are analyzed, and the methods of its application with the help of cyanoacrylate chambers (atmospheric type and vacuum) and gas burners are given. The peculiarities of chamber design (atmospheric type and vacuum) are considered, comparative analysis is carried out, advantages and disadvantages of their use are shown, in particular, due to their design. Design and principle of functioning of the prototype of cyanoacrylate and vacuum chamber for detection of latent handprints developed by the State Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in cooperation with Shostak V. V. on request of the State Research and Expert and Criminalistic Centre of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine within the framework of the research and development work “Development and production of the prototype of the vacuum chamber for detection of latent handprints by cyanoacrylate method”, cipher “Vacuum” are considered. Highlighted the advantages of the developed prototype, in particular: the absence of overexposure of traces due to the exclusion from the process of polymerization of the “background” catalyst due to atmospheric moisture; uniform manifestation of handprints on long objects regardless of their position inside the working chamber due to the uniform distribution of cyanoacrylate vapor throughout the working volume and effective detection of traces, even on tightly adjoining surfaces. The necessity of equipping the forensic units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine with cyanoacrylate cameras and introduction of cyanoacrylate method to expand the possibility of detecting latent handprints and create conditions for increasing the efficiency of work of forensic experts.
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    ТЕХНІЧНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІЦІЇ УКРАЇНИ ТА ШЛЯХИ ЙОГО ПОКРАЩЕННЯ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ. TECHNICAL SUPPORT OF THE NATIONAL POLICE OF UKRAINE AND THE WAYS OF ITS IMPROVEMENT IN MODERN CONDITIONS
    (2019) Гуляєв, А.В.; Huliaiev, A.V.; Диких, О.В.; Dykykh, O.V.; Кисіль, М.В.; Kysil, M.V.
    The article deals with the organization and implementation of technical equipment of the National Police of Ukraine in modern conditions. The main problems that have arisen at present are identified and need to be solved. One of the principal ways of maintaining the necessary level of ensuring the protection of human rights and freedoms, combating crime, maintaining public order and public safety in Ukraine is the technical equipment of the National Police of Ukraine with modern models of special equipment and vehicles using the unique innovative potential of the industrial complex of Ukraine. Effective use of developments in the field of creation of special and specialized equipment and vehicles for the technical equipment of the National Police of Ukraine is possible only with targeted state support and the introduction of incentive mechanisms, including: an adequate state budget, the provision of concessional loans, tax incentives, customs privileges, etc. Among the necessary conditions for effective industrial use of scientists in the field of creating special and specialized equipment and vehicles is also providing training of qualified personnel, attracting potential investors, expanding cooperation opportunities and creating appropriate networks, improving patent protection, increasing the level of innovative culture and the like. Given and classified the main problems of technical support of the National Police of Ukraine and ways to solve them, it is advisable to take into account when forming a strategy for the development of special vehicles. Based on the analysis of the technical support of the National Police of Ukraine in modern conditions and the existing scientific and methodological apparatus, it is reasonable organizational and technical recommendations aimed at improving its effectiveness.
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    ПОНЯТІЙНИЙ АПАРАТ У МЕТОДОЛОГІЇ ФОРМУВАННЯ ВИМОГ ДО СПЕЦІАЛЬНОЇ ТА СПЕЦІАЛІЗОВАНОЇ ТЕХНІКИ І ТРАНСПОРТНИХ ЗАСОБІВ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІЦІЇ УКРАЇНИ. CONCEPT APPARATUS IN THE METHODOLOGY OF FORMATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIAL AND SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT AND TRANSPORT MEANS OF THE NATIONAL POLICE OF UKRAINE
    (2019) Гуляєв, Андрій Володимирович; Huliaiev, Andrii; Диких, Олександр Вікторович; Dykykh, Oleksandr; Кисіль, Микола Васильович; Kysil, Mykola; Приходько, Вадим Іванович; Prykhodko, Vadym
    Paper deals with the basic approaches to the formation of the methodology of researches on the improvement of the conceptual apparatus in the system of technical equipment of the National Police of Ukraine by special and specialized equipment and vehicles. The interpretation of the conceptual apparatus used in the technical field for the creation of specialized and specialized equipment and vehicles is analyzed and formed, which means a hierarchically organized, logically interconnected and structurally ordered system of the concepts used in theoretical, practical and practical activities. Objects, phenomena, and processes related to this subject area are studied and covered by the theory of structure and principles of operation of vehicles for general, special or specialized purposes. Defined conceptual apparatus should be based on a single set of concepts and terms that should not internally contradict each other, based on common concepts and terms used in related fields of science and technology, reflect the nature and basic features inherent in special and specialized vehicles and methods of their application, as well as organizational, technical and other measures taken in technical field. The basic purpose of improving the conceptual apparatus is substantiated, and it must be a stable system of concepts based on few logically independent starting points of conceptual character as possible. The improvement of the conceptual apparatus in the system of technical equipment of the National Police of Ukraine should start from the stage of its conceptualization. As a result, a complete and consistent system of concepts must be built to meet the requirement for the adequacy of changes occurring in the engineering and automotive industries.
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    МАРКУВАННЯ ПІРОТЕХНІЧНИХ ВИРОБІВ ЯК ОБОВЯЗКОВА ВИМОГА ЇХ БЕЗПЕЧНОГО ВИКОРИСТАННЯ. MARKING OF PYROTECHNIC PRODUCTS AS A MANDATORY REQUIREMENT FOR THEIR SAFE USE
    (2019) Клименко, А.В.; Klymenko, A.V.; Вяткіна, Л.П.; Viatkina, L.P.
    According to the Constitution, the human being, his life and health, honor and dignity, inviolability and security are of the highest social value in Ukraine. Consumer rights are among the most important social rights of citizens, whose protection is vested in the State. The consumer at acquisition, the order or use of production in territory of Ukraine has the right to the state protection of the rights, in particular acquisition of production of proper quality safe for a life, health and environment. Pyrotechnic products are classified as hazardous. Products that are classified as hazardous must comply with the requirements of all current technical regulations applicable to such products. Compliance of the recycled, marketed or commissioned pyrotechnic products in Ukraine with the requirements of the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated August 03, 2011 No. 839 “On Approval of the Technical Regulation of Pyrotechnic Products” (hereinafter referred to as the technical regulation) is mandatory. Information about the pyrotechnic product, instructions for use, safety requirements specified in the product label. Marking is a mandatory requirement for safe use of pyrotechnic products in accordance with the Technical Regulations. The article contains a list of basic requirements that must be specified in the marking of pyrotechnic products, in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents. A sample marking of fireworks is given.
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    ПОБУДОВА МАТЕМАТИЧНОЇ ГРУПИ СИМЕТРИЧНИХ ОПЕРАЦІЙ НА ОСНОВІ ДОДАВАННЯ ЗА МОДУЛЕМ ДВА. THE SYMMETRIC OPERATIONS’ MATHEMATICAL GROUP CONSTRUCTING BASED ON MODULO-2 ADDITION
    (2019) Лада, Наталія Володимирівна; Lada, Nataliia; Козловська, Світлана Григоріївна; Kozlovska, Svіtlana; Рудницький, Сергій Володимирович; Rudnytskyi, Serhii
    The article is devoted to improving the quality of the stream ciphering systems for confidential information encryption through increasing the variability of cryptographic transformations by using a new group of two-operand two-bit operations synthesized basing on modulo-2 addition. For achieving the aim, a comparative analysis of two-operand operations with one-operand operations was performed, which showed that the first four operations can be obtained basing on the first four one-operand operations of the first operand processing, by adding the modulo-2 addition operation of their base operation of transforming the second operand, and by modulo-2 adding the basic operation of processing the second operand it can be obtained the other two-operand operations from inversion operations’ subgroups. The results of classifying a group of two- operand two-bit symmetric operations of information’s cryptographic transformation were visualized, which made it possible to establish relationships between groups of one-and two-operand operations. Basing on the obtained results, a method for synthesizing the operations’ group of modulo-2 addition is developed for stream ciphering based on the modulo-2 addition operation. The method’s crux is in the base group’s two-bit two-operand operations synthesis, based on combining the same basic operations of converting the first and second operands by modulo-2 addition. Constructing a complete mathematical group of these operations is carried out by the additional use of permutation operations and operands’ inversion of the base group operations. The application of the method allows synthesizing all the twenty-four modifications of two-bit symmetric modulo-2 addition operations based on applying the three basic one-operand two-bit operations of information cryptographic conversion.
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    ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КОНСТРУКЦІЇ НАВЧАЛЬНО-ТРЕНУВАЛЬНОЇ ГРАНАТИ ЗВУКОВОЇ ДІЇ БАГАТОРАЗОВОГО ВИКОРИСТАННЯ. FEATURES OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE TRAINING GRENADE OF SOUND EFFECT OF MULTIPLE USE
    (2019) Марченко, Олександр Сергіович; Marchenko, Oleksandr
    The article considers the necessity of increasing the effectiveness of training of the staff of the subdivisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and the development of training aids for this purpose, in particular, the training grenade of sound effects of multiple use to strengthen the staff of the subdivisions of the National Police of Ukraine skills of safe behavior and effective use of flash-bang grenades “Teren-7M”. According to Article 42 of the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”, a police commissioner to stop unlawful acts shall apply special means, a list of which is defined in Article 45 of the same Law [1]. At the same time, the level of professional training of an employee is determined not only by the ability to correctly assess the degree of necessity to use a special tool, but also by his or her ability to apply it effectively and to the maximum extent possible. Therefore, it is logical to conclude that the ability is acquired during training sessions. Creating reusable means of training is necessary for a positive solution to the issue of the important method of education, i.e. constant practice of special means application both during the educational process in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs system and during regular trainings of personnel in the course of service, especially for practice of employee’s actions in extreme situations, such as counteraction to an armed offender. The necessity of creating a training grenade of sound effects of multiple use for training personnel in skills and techniques when using the light and sound grenade “Teren-7M”, which is due to the danger of this grant in case of violation of the rules of application, has been justified. For the purpose of choosing the optimal design of the training device, the analysis of the available training grenades for different purposes both in Ukraine and abroad was carried out. It has been established that in Ukraine there are training grenades for training personnel in the skills and techniques of using combat grenades (RGD-5, F-1 and others). According to the code, training grenades of sound impact are widely used, in which blank cartridges of different calibers are used to create a sound effect. However, such grenades cannot be used by the employees of the National Police of Ukraine, because their design does not fully reproduce the sequence of operations when using the light and sound grenade “Teren-7M”. Therefore, we have developed a design of the training grenade of sound effect of multiple use, which includes the possibility of conducting full-scale training, organized the development and manufacture of an effective model of training grenade, as well as testing its operability and handling comfort.