Роль кризової інтервенції в системі психологічної допомоги учасникам бойових дій.Role of Crisis Intervention in the System of Psychological Assistance Participants of Military Operations
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Date
2016
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Abstract
Розглянуто особливості кризової інтервенції як первинного етапу надання психологічної допомоги учасникам бойових дій. Визначено сутність посттравматичного синдрому та ознаки кризової інтервенції, зокрема змістові особливості її основних етапів. Висвітлено специфіку застосування різних психотерапевтичних напрямів в умовах посттравми. Обґрунтовано переваги інтегративного підходу в системі психотерапевтичної роботи. Окреслено напрями реалізації комплексного підходу до психологічного супроводу учасників бойових дій.Рассмотрены особенности кризисной интервенции как первичного этапа оказания психологической помощи участникам боевых действий. Определено сущность посттравматического синдрома и признаки кризисной интервенции, в частности содержательные особенности ее основных этапов. Освещена специфика использования разных психотерапевтических направлений в условиях посттравмы. Обоснованы преимущества интегративного подхода в системе психотерапевтической работы. Очерчены направления реализации комплексного подхода к психологическому сопровождению участников боевых действий.The article considers features of a crisis intervention as an initial step of psychological assistance to participants of military operations. Was defined the essence of post-traumatic syndrome. Described features of a crisis intervention: promoting the expression of strong emotions; reducing negative feelings through the process of repetition; opening access to disquisition acute problems; forming an understanding of topical issues to support the client; providing a basis to acceptance of experience lived through. Disclosed content features of the main stages of crisis intervention: information gathering, formulation and reformulation of problem; search for alternatives in problem solving. Grounded content of client assistance in the following areas: identification of feelings and combination them with the content of situation; completing research of the problem together with client; identification of events that caused post-trauma; separation «historical» problems from the current situation; determining the resources to deal with the problem. Determined specifics of use various psychotherapeutic directions in conditions of post-injury. Advantages of an integrated approach in system of psychotherapeutic work were grounded. Priority of interactive models determined by the specific of psychotherapeutic work in post-trauma conditions, that is compliance flexible application of the various principles and approaches. Depending on what takes priority in clarifying the causes of internal personal conflict in terms of post-injury, set focus analysis from positions of psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral and phenomenological (humanistic) approaches. Integrative psychotherapy approach allows re-develop a global model of personality in terms of post-injury, based on the different types of personal change. Outlined directions of realization of an integrated approach to psychological support participants of military operations through the following tasks: education that promotes awareness of clients to their problems; prevention, aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles and creating conditions for effective rehabilitation; social (family and group therapy, support from civic organizations, psychotherapy (treatment of neuroses, phobias, psychosomatic disorders, etc.). Evaluating the effectiveness of psychological assistance is based on analysis of the scope and quality of the changes that have taken place with participants of military operations during therapeutic communication, as well as in real life. It is important to take into account the interaction of cognitive, emotional and behavioral mechanisms of the client personal growth in the processing of post-injury.
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посттравматичний синдром, кризова інтервенція, екофасилітативний підхід, ідентичність, інтегративна модель, посттравматический синдром, кризисная интервенция, экофасилитативный подход, идентичность, интегративная модель, post-traumatic syndrome, crisis intervention, eco facilitation approach, identity, integrative model