Спеціальні засоби та методики

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    ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ЦІАНАКРИЛОВОГО МЕТОДУ ВИЯВЛЕННЯ ЛАТЕНТНИХ СЛІДІВ РУК ІЗ ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ВАКУУМНОЇ КАМЕРИ. THE HARNESSING OF CIANOACRYLATE METHOD OF DETECTING LATENT HANDPRINTS USING A VACUUM CHAMBER
    (2019) Мамотенко, Петро Іванович; Mamotenko, Petro
    The article highlights the mechanism of reaction between the esters of cyanoacrylic acid with amino acids and water contained in sweat and adipose substance. Examples of the suitability of the cyanoacrylate method for the detection of hand marks on different types of surfaces under study are given. It is noted that the proposed method is most suitable for the identification of hand marks on surfaces such as polyethylene films, cellophane, various types of metals and alloys, plastics, glossy dense cardboard, glossy and copying paper, smooth leather substitute. Attention is drawn to the fact that the method is not suitable for detecting traces on porous surfaces (paper, unpainted cardboard, wood, the like). It is emphasized that after detection of traces of cyanoacrylate, it becomes impossible to conduct biomedical studies of the sweat and adipose. The advantages and disadvantages of the cyanoacrylate method are analyzed, and the methods of its application with the help of cyanoacrylate chambers (atmospheric type and vacuum) and gas burners are given. The peculiarities of chamber design (atmospheric type and vacuum) are considered, comparative analysis is carried out, advantages and disadvantages of their use are shown, in particular, due to their design. Design and principle of functioning of the prototype of cyanoacrylate and vacuum chamber for detection of latent handprints developed by the State Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in cooperation with Shostak V. V. on request of the State Research and Expert and Criminalistic Centre of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine within the framework of the research and development work “Development and production of the prototype of the vacuum chamber for detection of latent handprints by cyanoacrylate method”, cipher “Vacuum” are considered. Highlighted the advantages of the developed prototype, in particular: the absence of overexposure of traces due to the exclusion from the process of polymerization of the “background” catalyst due to atmospheric moisture; uniform manifestation of handprints on long objects regardless of their position inside the working chamber due to the uniform distribution of cyanoacrylate vapor throughout the working volume and effective detection of traces, even on tightly adjoining surfaces. The necessity of equipping the forensic units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine with cyanoacrylate cameras and introduction of cyanoacrylate method to expand the possibility of detecting latent handprints and create conditions for increasing the efficiency of work of forensic experts.
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    ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НЕОБХІДНОГО РІВНЯ ЗАХИСТУ І КОНТРОЛЬ ЗАХИСНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ КЕРАМІКО-ПОЛІМЕРНИХ БРОНЕЕЛЕМЕНТІВ. PROVIDING THE REQUIRED LEVEL OF PROTECTION AND CONTROL OF THE PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES CERAMIC-POLYMER ARMOUR ELEMENTS
    (2019) Мазна, Олександра Вікторівна; Mazna, Oleksandra; Нешпор, Олексій Вячеславович; Neshpor, Oleksii; Самусь, Євген Вікторович; Samus, Yevhen; Вересенко, Юрій Віталійович; Veresenko, Yurii; Чижаньков, Євген Юрійович; Chyzhankov, Yevhen
    Recently, light-armoured ceramics and combined materials containing layers of ceramics and polymer composites have been increasingly developed. According to the cost indicators, the possibility of using raw materials of domestic production, specific weight and high protective properties of the most acceptable for Ukraine ceramics from silicon carbide. When developing and manufacturing armoured structures, both for individual protection and vehicle protection, the greatest attention is paid to the physical and mechanical properties and specific weight of ceramics, but a clear relationship between mechanical properties and ballistic efficiency has not yet been established. Manufacture of ceramic-polymer protective products has the following mandatory stages of quality control: input control of materials, 100 % control of weight, geometric dimensions, protection area, availability of internal defects with the help of X-ray defectoscopic method. Thus, proper quality control at all stages of ceramic and polymeric protective products manufacture makes it possible to guarantee the necessary level of protective properties. However, it should be noted that ballistic tests have been and remain the necessary and most reliable method of monitoring the protective properties of armour protection products. Ballistic tests are carried out according to standard methods in accredited laboratories in the quantity approved for certain types of tests (certification, presentation, acceptance, periodic, etc.). World experience in developing and manufacturing armour-plated materials and structures shows that the implementation of high resistance to dynamic loads while maintaining the weight advantages (especially for individual protection and defense of aircraft) is associated with the use of ceramic elements with reactively baked silicon carbide or hot-pressed boron carbide (lighter than silicon carbide, but more valuable). Ballistic tests with the use of validated methods and ensuring the repeatability of the method remain necessary and the most reliable method of monitoring the protective properties of armour protection products.
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    SDR-ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ПРИХОВАНИХ ЛІНІЙ РАДІОЗВ'ЯЗКУ. SDR-THECHNOLOGIES OF ÑOVERT RADIO LINES
    (2019) Євграфов, Дмитро Вікторович; Yevhraphov, Dmytro
    The possibilities of Software Defined Radio (SDR) – technologies in the correlation processing of linear-frequency modulated (LFM) signals are examined. The structure of the correlation receiver of maximum likelihood is justified using modern SDR technologies. Since the signal arrival time is unknown after analog-to-digital conversion (ADC), the signals are fed to the correlation processing channels and to the maximum selection device, the signals from which are sent to the decision-making device. The decision maker evaluates the message that is transmitted if the signals exceed a certain detection threshold. The influence of the amplitude quantization of the signal on the detection process is analyzed, since with insufficient ADC bit depth, the signal is simply lost in the quantization noise. It is shown that the existing ADC bits allow processing signals with large bases, which makes it possible to use SDR technologies to create correlation receivers of chirp signals. The synthesis results are illustrated by simulations in the software environment Mathcad and Excel. For comparison, the simulation results are presented at the output of a conventional digital receiver, with a bandwidth that is equal to the band of the chirp signal. It is shown that to solve the analysis problem in the future, it is necessary to use the apparatus of two-component Markov processes, which allows one to find the distribution of the absolute maxima of random processes and sequences obtained by their discretization.
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    СИСТЕМА ПРОСТЕЖУВАНОСТІ - ШЛЯХ ДО БЕЗПЕЧНОСТІ ПІРОТЕХНІЧНИХ ВИРОБІВ. TRACEABILITY SYSTEM – THE WAY TO SAFETY OF PYROTECHNIC PRODUCTS
    (2019) Клименко, Алла Володимирівна; Klymenko, Alla
    The Law of Ukraine “On Technical Regulations and Conformity Assessment” dated January 15, 2015 No. 124-VIII regulates that the products supplied to the market or placed into commission must comply with the regulations currently applicable in Ukraine (technical regulations, standards, product specifications) [1]. In other words, if the products are subject of technical regulations (TR), such products must undergo conformity assessment according to the procedures specified in the relevant technical regulations. Thus, the purpose of the article is proving that the traceability of pyrotechnic products allows tracing the history of the product and contributes to market surveillance. It allows the market supervision authorities identify responsible economic entities and obtain evidence of fireworks compliance with the established requirements. Traceability is important for ensuring effective compliance through market surveillance of corrective measures, including seizure and feedback. It is possible to trace the movement of hazardous or unsuitable products in the distribution chain and to define the role and responsibilities of the business entity in that chain. Traceability allows market surveillance authorities to track the movement of products to the factory gate and, in some cases, from the factory to the end user. According to the manufacturer, traceability is important because it makes effective control of the production process and suppliers to the sale of products, as well as control over the chain of distribution of products after their introduction into circulation. In the case of discrepancies, manufacturers can reduce the impact of recalls or withdrawals, depending on the accuracy of their traceability system. Manufacturers and importers should keep records of the registration numbers of the pyrotechnic products which they supply to the market and provide this information to the market surveillance authorities upon request. Information contained in the article may be useful for customers, business entities, representatives of market supervision, personnel, conducts conformity assessment, and other interested persons.