ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ ДЛЯ РОЗВИТКУ АВІАЦІЙНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ В УМОВАХ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ КОНКУРЕНЦІЇ. SPECIFICS OF STATE POLICY FOR AVIATION INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT UNDER CONDITIONS OF INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION
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Date
2020
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Abstract
На відміну від більшості галузей світової економіки основою регулювання авіаційної галузі становить система двосторонніх міждержавних угод, які не входять до генеральної угоди про торгівлю послугами СОТ. Лібералізація призвела до високих темпів розвитку галузі авіаційної галузі та збільшення її значення для світової економіки. Державна політика стосовно підтримки розвитку авіаційної галузі спрямована на забезпечення конкурентних умов та економічну ефективність на основі максимізації споживчої якості. International regime for air transportation historically formed as a pattern of bilateral agreements of two states to allow air traffic between them. This regime is not incorporated into WTO regulations, including General Agreement on Trade in Services. The EU created Common Aviation Area to provide the multilateral approach for international flight liberalization and fair competition. But the rapid expansion of carriers from Gulf countries and Turkey revealed that the international regulation is not effective in controlling state support of any forms, including subsidies, to aviation industry. As the liberalization process of the aviation industry continues, the issue of competition regulation regimes in different countries directly affects the perspective of the industry development. As the carriers are represented mostly by private business, the airports remain under state ownership or control. The relations among them define the competitive situation in the market for national carriers and the industry as the whole. One of the priority task for the state policy for aviation industry support is not direct subsidies or other form of funding, but infrastructural development. To maximize consumer value and increase the international competitiveness the nation shall develop a network of airports to serve the local and international traffic with the high efficiency. The biggest airports of the country accumulate the most of the traffic and experiences jams in the schedule. But Ukraine, like France, does not have an integrated national program for airport network development, contrary to Great Britain. As Ukraine joins Common Aviation Area of the EU, Ukrainian carriers will have access to European routes but will face competition on domestic routes from European companies. The issue of quality and efficiency of airport services both to carriers and passengers will define the possibility of the country to use the positive tendency of air traffic growth into sustainable development of the aviation industry. One of the main factor for airport competitiveness is integration into local and national transport system to give passengers options for convenient and cheap transportation from and to an airport. The Largest European airports develop investment projects for rail transportation to terminals form cities and environments.