Browsing by Author "VASIUTIN, Vladyslav"

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    ГРОШОВИЙ СУРОГАТ ЯК ЮРИДИЧНА КАТЕГОРІЯ: ЗАГАЛЬНОТЕОРЕТИЧНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА. MONETARY SURROGATE AS A LEGAL CATEGORY: GENERAL THEORETICAL CHARACTERISTICS
    (2021) ДАШКОВСЬКА, Олена Ростиславівна; DASHKOVSKA, Olena; ВАСЮТІН, Владислав Олександрович; VASIUTIN, Vladyslav
    У сучасних правових системах грошові сурогати є нестандартним явищем, що актуалізує потребу загальнотеоретичного дослідження поняття та змісту терміна «грошовий сурогат» як юридичної категорії. У ході аналізу наукових джерел, присвячених проблемі функціонування феномену «грошового сурогату», виявлено кілька підходів трактування даного фінансового інструменту. У статті визначено специфіку феномена «грошовий сурогат», запропоновано класифікацію форм грошових сурогатів і сформульовано детальний перелік ознак, що характеризують замінники легітимних форм грошей. The emergence of monetary surrogates is a consequence of the inability to comprehensively meet the public needs for servicing the turnover of various objects (property, rights, etc.) solely with the help of money. Bringing a short-term positive economic effect, monetary surrogates compete with state money, disrupting money circulation. An important role in limiting monetary surrogates is played by legal remedies, the effective use of which is possible only if the content of the legal category «monetary surrogate» is determined. At the same time, the norms of law do not disclose its content, and in the scientific community there is a discussion on this issue, while its vector is shifted towards understanding the monetary surrogate only as a means of payment, unnecessarily narrowing it. The reliability and validity of the results are achieved through the integrated application of the comparative legal method (when comparing the concepts of money and monetary surrogate, as well as other single-order legal categories), logical-theoretical methods, and other research methods. As a result of the study, the authors tried to determine the content of the legal category «monetary surrogate» from the standpoint of his main economic functions of money, which allows not only to distinguish this category from related concepts, but effectively apply various legal restrictions, which the use of monetary surrogates. Theoretical bases of research of private monetary systems are developed, in particular, their classification on the following signs is carried out: appointment, the status of the issuer, sphere of distribution. It is determined that the main reasons for the emergence of private money are the insufficiency or unsuitability of public currencies to service economic relations. The place of electronic money in the modern globalized economy is highlighted. It was found that the emergence of cryptocurrencies initiated a new stage in the development of the monetary system, which is characterized by the lack of a single issuer and the inability of the state to regulate them.
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    НАЦІОНАЛЬНІ ТА МІЖНАРОДНІ МЕХАНІЗМИ ПРИТЯГНЕННЯ ВИННИХ ДО ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ ЗА МІЖНАРОДНІ ЗЛОЧИНИ. NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL MECHANISMS FOR BRINGING PERPETRATORS TO JUSTICE FOR INTERNATIONAL CRIMES
    (2022) ТАВОЛЖАНСЬКА, Юлія Сергіївна; TAVOLZHANSKA, Yuliia; КВАСИЛЬЧУК, Дмитро Борисович; KVASYLCHUK, Dmytro; ВАСЮТІН, Владислав Олександрович; VASIUTIN, Vladyslav
    На сьогодні не має конкретної відповіді на питання, як має виглядати трибунал для осіб причетних до збройної агресії проти України, – цей факт значно підвищує актуальність проблеми. Невідомо, яку модель матиме майбутній суд. Проаналізовано наукові джерела, присвячені проблемі, що зазначена у назві статті. У статті визначається, що порушуються норми національного та міжнародного права, вказується на інститути, які Україна вже використовує на національному та міжнародному рівнях. Зазначено, які моделі зараз обговорюються для застосування у майбутньому міжнародному трибуналі. Тhe paper notes that despite the devastating consequences of a large number of wars, humanity has not realized that the dispute can be resolved in another way. It is also pointed out that Russia violates the norms of international law. The main crime that will be discussed in the paper is the crime of aggression. The main problem revealed in the paper is the offense committed in connection with the events after February 24, 2022. The purpose of the scientific paper is to highlight the mechanisms that Ukraine can use to bring those responsible to justice for international crimes committed during Russia's military invasion of Ukraine. The main part presents the facts of the crime of aggression before the events of February 24, 2022 and after that date. It is established that in connection with the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine, first, the norms of national law are violated (crimes against peace, security of mankind and international law, crimes against national security of Ukraine). Secondly, norms of international law are violated (in particular, norms of international humanitarian law). It is noted that Ukraine already uses both national and international institutions to record crimes. The facts are given that give grounds for considering the issue of genocide against the Ukrainian people by Russia. It is noted which norms of international law are violated: weapons are used against the civilian population, cultural monuments are destroyed. It is pointed out that the fate of many cities is unknown. The paper provides a definition of the crime of aggression. The paper also states that Ukraine is not a party to the Rome Statute. The problem of jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court is described. It is determined that the idea of creating an international military tribunal is supported by representatives of the leading countries. The conclusions briefly indicate the most important results of the paper.