Browsing by Author "SICHKO, Dmytro"

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    CВОБОДА ДОГОВОРУ: ПЕРЕДУМОВИ РОЗВИТКУ В УМОВАХ ДІДЖИТАЛІЗАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ. FREEDOM OF CONTRACT: PREREQUISITES FOR DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY
    (2023) СІЧКО, Дмитро Сергійович; SICHKO, Dmytro
    Цифрові технології вплинули на розвиток цивільно-правових відносин у галузі торгівлі, фінансових, освітніх, консалтингових послуг, сфери розваг тощо, зумовивши появу дистанційних форм оферти та акцепту. Визначено основні передумови розвитку принципу свободи договору в умовах діджиталізації економіки. Встановлено суперечливу практику суб’єктів господарювання на основі публічної оферти (публічного договору). Проаналізована практика потребує вивчення та осмислення з метою повнішого урахування у законодавстві потреб учасників цивільно-правових відносин у світі Інтернет-технологій.Digital technologies influenced the development of civil-law relations in the field of trade, financial, educational, consulting services, entertainment, etc., leading to the emergence of remote forms of offer and acceptance. The development of "business on the network" initiated the practice of applying the principle of freedom of contract by participants in civil-law relations in this renewed capacity. The acquired experience needs to be studied and understood in order to take into account in the legislation the needs of participants in civil-law relations in the world of Internet technologies. The purpose of the paper is to study the prerequisites for the development of the principle of freedom of contract in the digitalized economy. Based on the research materials, it was determined that the main prerequisites for the development of the principle of freedom of contract in the conditions of digitalization of the economy are: 1) increasing the availability of goods, works and services that are ordered (provided) through network technologies; 2) individualization of the provisions of the public offer by e-commerce entities in order to achieve more favorable conditions; 3) provision of timely and complete information to the counterparty before accepting the offer. The results of research into the activities of e-commerce entities show that there is a widespread practice of individualizing essential conditions for categories of unregistered users, which differ based on the frequency of visits to the entity's website, their geolocation, or other technological parameters. Considering the fact that the subjects act on the basis of a public offer (public contract), this practice contradicts the requirements of civil legislation. However, taking into account the requirements of reasonableness and justice, which are the basis of the principle of freedom of contract, we consider it appropriate to consider such a practice (if such an entity operate in a competitive market) as appropriate. We consider it justified to place on the side of the contract developer of the public offer an additional duty to assist the other party in conscious participation in contractual relations. Such an obligation as a legal means of ensuring freedom of will is necessary to ensure the good faith of counterparties in the digital economy.
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    ПРАВОВА ПРИРОДА ТА НАПРЯМИ ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ КОРПОРАТИВНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ. LEGAL BASIS AND DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVING THE CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY
    (2021) СІЧКО, Дмитро Сергійович; SICHKO, Dmytro
    У статті досліджено сучасний стан правового регулювання корпоративної відповідальності, визначено перспективи реформування інституту корпоративної відповідальності задля забезпечення дотримання корпоративних прав. Зокрема, встановлено, що корпоративний договір створює різні за своєю природою відносини (як зобов’язальні, так і корпоративні), має зобов’язальну сутність, тому у разі його порушення можуть застосовуватися заходи цивільно-правової відповідальності за невиконання або неналежне виконання зобов’язань. З метою системного підходу до природи корпоративної відповідальності запропоновано відповідні зміни та доповнення до Закону України «Про товариства з обмеженою та додатковою відповідальністю». The paper examines the current state of legal regulation of corporate responsibility, identifies prospects for reforming the institution of corporate responsibility to ensure compliance with corporate rights. In particular, it was found that a corporate agreement creates a different nature of the relationship (both mandatory and corporate), it has a binding nature, so in case of violation may be applied civil liability for failure or improper performance of obligations. At the same time, corporate responsibility differs from civil law (classical) liability in the circle of responsible persons, the procedure for bringing to justice, corporate responsibility measures, etc. The case law illustrates that it is possible that a party to a corporate agreement does not systematically comply with the terms of the agreement, for example, does not participate in the general meeting of the corporation or votes against it with other parties to the agreement, which actually calls into question the successful achievement of corporate goals. agreement and its effectiveness as a regulator of relations for the joint management of corporate rights. In this case, an effective way to protect the rights of the parties to the contract is the obligation of the infringer to alienate its share in the authorized (composed) capital (shareholding) in favor of other participants in the corporate agreement at market or pre-agreed price. However, it is noted that the possibility of establishing an obligation to sell shares as a sanction for breach of corporate agreement raises some doubts. In fact, such an obligation is a restriction on property rights. It is proposed to solve this dilemma by reforming the institution of corporate responsibility for non-performance or improper performance of corporate obligations that correspond to the corporate rights of participants in the direction of separating it into a separate type of legal liability. In particular, it is proposed to supplement the Law of Ukraine “On Limited and Additional Liability Companies” Art. 7 “Corporate liability” reads as follows: “in case of nonperformance (improper performance) of corporate obligations established by law, contract and constituent documents of the company, corresponding to the corporate rights of participants, sanctions in the form of compensation and exclusion of the participant may be applied”.