ПРАВОВА ПРИРОДА ТА НАПРЯМИ ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ КОРПОРАТИВНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ. LEGAL BASIS AND DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVING THE CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY
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Date
2021
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Abstract
У статті досліджено сучасний стан правового регулювання корпоративної відповідальності, визначено перспективи реформування інституту корпоративної відповідальності задля забезпечення дотримання корпоративних прав. Зокрема,
встановлено, що корпоративний договір створює різні за своєю природою відносини (як зобов’язальні, так і корпоративні), має зобов’язальну сутність, тому у разі його порушення можуть застосовуватися заходи цивільно-правової відповідальності за
невиконання або неналежне виконання зобов’язань. З метою системного підходу до природи корпоративної відповідальності запропоновано відповідні зміни та доповнення до Закону України «Про товариства з обмеженою та додатковою
відповідальністю». The paper examines the current state of legal regulation of corporate responsibility, identifies prospects for reforming the institution of corporate responsibility to ensure compliance with corporate rights. In particular, it was found that a corporate
agreement creates a different nature of the relationship (both mandatory and corporate), it has a binding nature, so in case of violation may be applied civil liability for failure or improper performance of obligations. At the same time, corporate responsibility differs from civil law (classical) liability in the circle of responsible persons, the procedure for bringing to justice, corporate responsibility measures, etc. The case law illustrates that it is possible that a party to a corporate agreement does not systematically comply with the terms of the agreement, for example, does not participate in the general meeting of the corporation or votes against it with other parties to the agreement, which actually calls into question the successful achievement of corporate goals. agreement and its effectiveness as a regulator of relations for the joint management of corporate rights. In this case, an effective way to protect the rights of the parties to the contract is the obligation of the infringer to alienate its share in the authorized (composed) capital (shareholding) in favor of other participants in the corporate agreement at market or pre-agreed price. However, it is noted that the possibility of establishing an obligation to sell shares as a sanction for breach of corporate agreement raises some doubts. In fact, such an obligation is a restriction on property rights. It is proposed to solve this dilemma by reforming the institution of corporate responsibility for non-performance or improper performance of corporate obligations that correspond to the corporate rights of participants in the direction of separating it into a separate type of legal liability. In particular, it is proposed to supplement the Law of Ukraine “On Limited and Additional Liability Companies” Art. 7 “Corporate liability” reads as follows: “in case of nonperformance (improper performance) of corporate obligations established by law, contract and constituent documents of the
company, corresponding to the corporate rights of participants, sanctions in the form of compensation and exclusion of the participant may be applied”.
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корпоративна відповідальність, забезпечення корпоративних прав, корпоративний договір, удосконалення законодавства, corporate responsibility, ensuring observance of corporate rights, corporate agreement, improvement of legislation