Browsing by Author "Mazur, Tamara"

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    Electronic parliament as a factor of sustainable development: History and prospects. Електронний парламент як чинник сталого розвитку: історія та перспективи
    (2023) Mazur, Tamara; Мазур, Тамара; Flogaitis, Spiros; Флогайтіс, Спиридон
    The relevance and significance of the study of the history and prospects of electronic parliamentarism as a factor of sustainable development is conditioned upon the anthropocentric vision of the idea of digitalization of the parliament. For the purpose, the authors chose to consider the system of digital tools that make up the e-parliament in the context of its role in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals “Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions”. The main methods of scientific cognition, which were used when drafting the study, were the methods of content analysis, analogy, and comparison. The levels of the multi-level system of information and data security as a key element of the security of digitalization of the parliament were defined, challenges related to the legal, economic, social, and technological aspects of the process were outlined. Based on the analysis of legal acts and directly on the websites of the parliaments of countries with different democracy indices (Great Britain, Iceland, Sweden, Poland, the Czech Republic, the Baltic countries), global trends in the specified area were formulated. The author emphasized the inherent nature of certain features and the uncertainty of the consequences of digitalization of the parliament in states with various levels of democratic development and different economic indicators. It was established that the transition of parliamentarians in communication with voters from conventional communication in an offline format to an online format contributes to the implementation of openness, inclusiveness, cooperation, and participation in the political sphere. The results of the study were designed to update the issue of the need to introduce new electronic parliamentary tools for the implementation of digital democracy mechanisms in society. Актуальність і значущість дослідження історії та перспектив електронного парламентаризму як чинника сталого розвитку обумовлена людиноцентристським баченням ідеї цифровізації парламенту. За мету автори обрали розгляд системи цифрових інструментів, що утворюють е-парламент, у контексті його ролі в реалізації Цілі сталого розвитку «Мир, справедливість та сильні інститути». Основними методами наукового пізнання, які використано під час написання статті, є методи контент-аналізу, аналогії та порівняння. Визначено рівні багатоступеневої системи захищеності інформації та даних як ключового елементу безпеки цифровізації парламенту, окреслено виклики, пов’язані з правовим, економічним, суспільним, технологічним аспектами процесу. На підставі аналізу правових актів і безпосередньо вебсайтів парламентів держав різного індексу демократії (Велика Британія, Ісландія, Швеція, Польща, Чехія, країни Балтії) сформульовано світові тенденції означеного напряму. Автор акцентує на притаманності певних особливостей і невизначеності наслідків цифровізації парламенту в державах, які мають різний рівень розвитку демократії та різні економічні показники. Встановлено, що перехід парламентарів у спілкуванні з виборцями від традиційної комунікації в офлайн форматі до формату онлайн сприяє реалізації в політичній сфері відкритості, інклюзивності, співробітництва й участі. Результати дослідження покликані актуалізувати питання необхідності введення нових електронних парламентських інструментів для впровадження механізмів цифрової демократії в суспільстві.
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    Охорона культурної спадщини в Україні: історико- й теоретико-правове дослідження. Protection of cultural heritage in Ukraine: historical and theoretical legal research.
    (2021-03) Мазур, Тамара Вікторівна; Mazur, Tamara
    У дисертації обґрунтовано методологічні засади роботи, розкрито еволюцію та сучасне розуміння основних термінів і понять, проаналізовано джерельну базу дослідження й подано її авторську класифікацію. Виокремлено основні напрями наукових досліджень правової охорони культурної спадщини в Україні та за кордоном. Встановлено, що в цілому законодавство України у сфері охорони культурної спадщини відповідає основним міжнародним нормам, однак потребує подальшого удосконалення. Наведені авторські пропозиції щодо удосконалення чинного законодавства. Окремі пропозиції сформульовані щодо ухвалення підзаконних актів. The methodological principles of the work are substantiated, the evolution and contemporary understanding of the basic terms and concepts are revealed, the sourcies of the research are analyzed and their author's classification is given. The main directions of scientific research of cultural heritage legal protection in Ukraine and abroad are singled out. Analysis of the legislative provision for the protection of cultural heritage in Ukraine during the years of independence made it possible to distinguish three main stages: 1) 1990 – 1999; 2) 2000 – 2010; 3) 2011 – 2020. Analysis of legal acts of the UN, UNESCO, Council of Europe gave grounds to assert the high level of their implementation in the national legislation of Ukraine both by ratification and taking into account their main provisions in special laws of Ukraine: "On Culture", "On Cultural Heritage", "On Protection of Archaeological Heritage", "On the export, import and return of cultural property", etc. In addition, the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the Code of Administrative Offenses of Ukraine have been amended to bring their norms in line with international ones in terms of liability for violations of monument protection legislation. Additional arguments are given on the need to improve national legislation in accordance with international norms and standards. It is proposed to adopt amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On Protection of Cultural Heritage" to bring a number of basic terms and concepts in line with the UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage of 1972, as well as the protection of cultural heritage sites included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Due to the need to protect cultural heritage in the annexed Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the zone of armed conflict in Donbass, it is necessary to ratify the Council of Europe Convention on Offenses Related to Cultural Property of 2017. Given the specifics of intangible cultural heritage, it is proposed to adopt laws to bring national legislation in accordance with the norms of the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of 2003. A number of legislative acts should also be amended in order to make institutional changes and state policy of cultural heritage protection reform. It is substantiated that the borrowing of foreign experience of cultural heritage legal protection should take into account the peculiarities of the national legal system. Among European countries, the experience of France, Italy and Poland is highlighted and can be useful for Ukraine: 1) adoption of a set of legislative changes aimed at intensifying the institution of patronage; 2) adoption by the parliament of program laws on the protection of cultural heritage for a period of five years with the publication of an annual report on their implementation; 3) compulsory alienation of the monument from the owner, that does not comply with the monument protection legislation; 4) transfer of management of cultural heritage sites to specialized companies; 5) introduction of state support for activists of monument protection organizations – from providing discounts on visits to museums, galleries, etc. to tax benefits; 6) creation of cultural parks for protection of the cultural landscape and preservation of landscape territories with immovable monuments, typical for the local tradition of construction and settlement. It is established that in general the legislation of Ukraine in the field of cultural heritage protection meets the basic international norms, but needs further improvement. It is proposed to codify the relevant legislation in the future, adopting the Code of Cultural Heritage of Ukraine. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine also considered it expedient to develop and approve the National Program for the Protection of Cultural Heritage, to amend the laws of Ukraine: "On Protection of Cultural Heritage", "On Regulation of Urban Development", "On Architectural Activity", "On Basic Principles of State Supervision in the field of economic activity", to the Tax and Criminal Codes of Ukraine and the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses. Some proposals are formulated for the adoption of sublegal regulation.
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    Охорона культурної спадщини в Україні: історико- й теоретико-правове дослідження. Protection of cultural heritage in Ukraine: historical and theoretical legal research.
    (2021-03) Мазур, Тамара Вікторівна; Mazur, Tamara
    У дисертації обґрунтовано методологічні засади роботи, розкрито еволюцію та сучасне розуміння основних термінів і понять, проаналізовано джерельну базу дослідження й подано її авторську класифікацію. Виокремлено основні напрями наукових досліджень правової охорони культурної спадщини в Україні та за кордоном. Встановлено, що в цілому законодавство України у сфері охорони культурної спадщини відповідає основним міжнародним нормам, однак потребує подальшого удосконалення. Наведені авторські пропозиції щодо удосконалення чинного законодавства. Окремі пропозиції сформульовані щодо ухвалення підзаконних актів. The methodological principles of the work are substantiated, the evolution and contemporary understanding of the basic terms and concepts are revealed, the sourcies of the research are analyzed and their author's classification is given. The main directions of scientific research of cultural heritage legal protection in Ukraine and abroad are singled out. Analysis of the legislative provision for the protection of cultural heritage in Ukraine during the years of independence made it possible to distinguish three main stages: 1) 1990 – 1999; 2) 2000 – 2010; 3) 2011 – 2020. Analysis of legal acts of the UN, UNESCO, Council of Europe gave grounds to assert the high level of their implementation in the national legislation of Ukraine both by ratification and taking into account their main provisions in special laws of Ukraine: "On Culture", "On Cultural Heritage", "On Protection of Archaeological Heritage", "On the export, import and return of cultural property", etc. In addition, the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the Code of Administrative Offenses of Ukraine have been amended to bring their norms in line with international ones in terms of liability for violations of monument protection legislation. Additional arguments are given on the need to improve national legislation in accordance with international norms and standards. It is proposed to adopt amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On Protection of Cultural Heritage" to bring a number of basic terms and concepts in line with the UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage of 1972, as well as the protection of cultural heritage sites included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Due to the need to protect cultural heritage in the annexed Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the zone of armed conflict in Donbass, it is necessary to ratify the Council of Europe Convention on Offenses Related to Cultural Property of 2017. Given the specifics of intangible cultural heritage, it is proposed to adopt laws to bring national legislation in accordance with the norms of the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of 2003. A number of legislative acts should also be amended in order to make institutional changes and state policy of cultural heritage protection reform. It is substantiated that the borrowing of foreign experience of cultural heritage legal protection should take into account the peculiarities of the national legal system. Among European countries, the experience of France, Italy and Poland is highlighted and can be useful for Ukraine: 1) adoption of a set of legislative changes aimed at intensifying the institution of patronage; 2) adoption by the parliament of program laws on the protection of cultural heritage for a period of five years with the publication of an annual report on their implementation; 3) compulsory alienation of the monument from the owner, that does not comply with the monument protection legislation; 4) transfer of management of cultural heritage sites to specialized companies; 5) introduction of state support for activists of monument protection organizations – from providing discounts on visits to museums, galleries, etc. to tax benefits; 6) creation of cultural parks for protection of the cultural landscape and preservation of landscape territories with immovable monuments, typical for the local tradition of construction and settlement. It is established that in general the legislation of Ukraine in the field of cultural heritage protection meets the basic international norms, but needs further improvement. It is proposed to codify the relevant legislation in the future, adopting the Code of Cultural Heritage of Ukraine. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine also considered it expedient to develop and approve the National Program for the Protection of Cultural Heritage, to amend the laws of Ukraine: "On Protection of Cultural Heritage", "On Regulation of Urban Development", "On Architectural Activity", "On Basic Principles of State Supervision in the field of economic activity", to the Tax and Criminal Codes of Ukraine and the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses. Some proposals are formulated for the adoption of sublegal regulation.