Browsing by Author "KIRYK, Alla"

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    ВНЕСОК МІЖНАРОДНОГО КОМІТЕТУ ЧЕРВОНОГО ХРЕСТА У РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ ТА ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ МІЖНАРОДНОГО ГУМАНІТАРНОГО ПРАВА. CONTRIBUTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS IN DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
    (2023) ЛОЗІНСЬКА, Світлана Володимирівна; LOZINSKA, Svitlana; КІРИК, Алла Юріївна; KIRYK, Alla
    У статті розглянуто внесок Міжнародного комітету Червоного Хреста (МКЧХ) у розроблення та впровадження міжнародного гуманітарного права. Встановлено, що на сьогодні Організація відіграє важливу роль не тільки в наданні допомоги особам, які перебувають у збройних конфліктах і конфліктних ситуаціях, а й у розробленні та імплементації норм гуманітарного права, які є сьогодні. Визначено, що діяльність МКЧХ, пов’язана із застосуванням і дотриманням міжнародного гуманітарного права, поділяється на два напрями: діяльність у мирний час і під час збройних конфліктів.The paper examines the contribution of the International Committee of the Red Cross to the development and implementation of international humanitarian law. It was established that today the Organization plays an important role not only in providing assistance to persons who are in armed conflicts and conflict situations, but also in the development and implementation of the norms of humanitarian law that exist today. It was emphasized that it was the ICRC that conducted intensive preparatory work for the Geneva Conventions and Protocols and prepared the projects that became the basis for the two diplomatic conferences. It was determined that the activities of the ICRC related to the application and observance of international humanitarian law are divided into two areas: activities in peacetime and during armed conflicts. Peacetime activities include: promoting the ratification of international humanitarian law treaties and encouraging states to prepare and adopt national legislation and other necessary measures to implement these treaties at the national level, to include humanitarian law in military and police training curricula, and encouraging states to include humanitarian principles and humanitarian law in educational programs for both schoolchildren and students. The activity of the ICRC during an armed conflict is reduced to ensuring the protection of citizens who are in the hands of the enemy, and in general to control the application of the Conventions. After analyzing the ICRC's role in the development and implementation of international humanitarian law, the main levels at which it works are determined: operational work, legal work, work on knowledge dissemination and monitoring. It has been established that the implementation of the provisions of the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols rests with both the ICRC and national governments, which should use the ICRC as a network to support the implementation and promotion of respect for and compliance with international humanitarian law.
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    ЮРИДИЧНА ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНІСТЬ ЗА ЖОРСТОКЕ ПОВОДЖЕННЯ З ТВАРИНАМИ: ПРАКТИКА ЄС І УКРАЇНИ. LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANIMAL CRUELTY: EU AND UKRAINE PRACTICE
    (2023) КІРИК, Алла Юріївна; KIRYK, Alla; ДАНІЛОВА, Анна Вікторівна; DANILOVA, Anna
    У статті розглянуто питання юридичної відповідальності за жорстоке поводження з тваринами в Україні та країнах-членах ЄС. Визначено основні акти вітчизняного законодавства, які спеціалізуються на захисті тварин від жорстокого поводження. Встановлено, що країни-члени ЄС впровадили значну кількість нормативно-правових актів, які дають змогу на законодавчому рівні здійснювати захист тварин. У всіх європейських країнах знущання над тваринами вважається злочином і карається штрафом або навіть тюремним ув'язненням. На основі аналізу законодавства європейських країн запропоновано зміни в вітчизняне законодавство. The paper examines the issue of legal responsibility for animal cruelty in Ukraine and EU member states. The main acts of domestic legislation, which specialize in the protection of animals from cruel treatment, have been identified. It has been established that the EU member states have implemented a significant number of legal acts that allow the protection of animals at the legislative level. In all European countries, abuse of animals is considered a crime and is punishable by a fine or even imprisonment. The legislation of Italy, Norway, Greece and France was analyzed. It has been established that in Italy the term of imprisonment ranges from 3 to 18 months, and the fine that the animal abuser will have to pay can reach 30,000 euros. Norway is also worthy of attention, where the penalty is imprisonment for up to 1 year, the imposition of a fine with confiscation of the animal. In Greece, animal cruelty is subject to administrative and criminal liability. Administrative responsibility can reach 30,000 thousand euros. Criminal liability consists of imprisonment for up to 10 years and fines from 30,000 to 50,000 euros. In France, criminal liability is provided in the form of imprisonment for up to 5 years and a fine of up to 75,000 thousand euros. Based on the analysis of the legislation of European countries, changes to the domestic legislation are proposed, namely, it is worth borrowing foreign experience and in case of cruel treatment of animals, in addition to the prescribed confiscation of the animal, establish a ban on their further keeping. In addition, a global problem in the area of prosecution is the low public awareness of legal responsibility for animal cruelty, so one of the important measures is the implementation of legal education measures regarding administrative and criminal norms that provide for responsibility and the degree of punishment for the specified offense.