Звільнення неповнолітніх від покарання та його відбування. Discharge Juveniles from Punishment and from Serving it.
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Date
2019-04
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Abstract
Дисертація є комплексним науковим дослідженням питань звільнення неповнолітніх від покарання та його відбування. У роботі досліджено юридичну природу звільнення неповнолітніх від покарання та його відбування. Визначено кримінально-правовий зміст тих різновидів звільнення неповнолітніх від покарання та його відбування, що передбачені кримінальним правом як України, так і окремих зарубіжних держав. З’ясовано кримінально-правовий зміст різновидів звільнення неповнолітніх від покарання та його відбування, що мають відмінний кримінально-правовий зміст від різновидів звільнення, котрі передбачені кримінальним правом України. Сформульовано пропозиції щодо вдосконалення вчення і правового регулювання звільнення неповнолітніх від покарання та його відбування. Запропоновано алгоритм реалізації пробаційної програми. The dissertation is a comprehensive scientific research on the issues of the discharge juveniles from punishment and from serving it. Based on the results of the study and analysis of historical documents, it is proposed to distinguish the following periods of the history of the subject, depending on the criminal status of juveniles.
The study made it possible to reveal the legal nature of the discharge juveniles from punishment and from serving it. It has been established that the discharge juveniles from punishment and from serving is an independent sub-institution in relation to a broader institution – the institution of discharge from punishment and from serving it, and the complexity of the investigated sub-institute in its criminal-law aspect is that it combines the norms of the two institutes of criminal law of Ukraine: discharge from punishment and from serving it and features of criminal liability and juvenile punishment. As a result of the study of the criminal law content of the discharge juveniles from punishment and from serving it specific legal (normative) characteristics of individual "groups" were identified, uniting the same types of discharge juveniles from punishment and from serving it – so-called its components, in particular: 1) discharge juveniles from punishment. Within this component it is necessary to distinguish three different options for the discharge juveniles from punishment with their specific criminal-law content: a) the discharge juveniles from punishment without its appointment; b) the final and unconditional discharge juveniles from serving a punishment imposed by a court sentence; c) "conditional" discharge juveniles from serving a punishment imposed by a court sentence; 2) discharge from further serving a punishment of a juvenile who has already begun to serve it; 3) mitigation of a punishment imposed; 4) the replacement of a punishment with more lenient.
The relationship between the discharge juveniles from punishment and from serving it with such criminal-legal phenomena as criminal liability, mitigation of a punishment at its appointment and discharge from criminal liability is determined.
A comparative legal study of the discharge juveniles from punishment and from serving it made it possible to distinguish: a) the types of discharge provided by the criminal law of some foreign states, similar in their criminal law content to the types of discharge provided for by the criminal law of Ukraine; b) the types of discharge that are provided by the criminal law of some foreign countries, which have a distinct criminal law content from the types of discharge, that are provided by the criminal law of Ukraine; Such varieties include the substitution of the unspent part of a punishment with more lenient, interruption of the punishment, temporary discharge of prisoners under the guarantee, electronic supervision, discharge from punishment if a person has been severely affected by the crime and the use of probation. In addition, the basis of comparison is the criterion of the belonging of a particular state to a specific type of legal system: the Romano-Germanic law, close to which are Scandinavian law, Latin American law and Japanese Law; Anglo-American law, or system of "common law"; religious-traditional legal systems and mixed legal systems.
The criminal law content of certain types of the discharge juveniles from punishment and from serving it, which is provided by the criminal law of Ukraine and has analogies in the criminal law of some foreign states, is disclosed by analyzing the elements of the legal constructions of such types of discharge.
Based on the scientific-theoretical basis of the research and taking into account the positive foreign experience, proposals have been formulated for improving the legal regulation of the discharge juveniles from punishment and from serving it.
On the basis of the empirical research, in particular, the statistical data, judicial practice and the results of the conducted questioning, it was concluded that the types of discharge juveniles from punishment and from serving it are efficient and an algorithm for implementing the probation program was proposed. Диссертация является комплексным научным исследованием вопросов освобождения несовершеннолетних от наказания и его отбывания. В работе исследовано юридическую природу освобождения несовершеннолетних от наказания и его отбывания.
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звільнення неповнолітніх від покарання та його відбування, компаративістське дослідження, пробація, іспитовий строк, примусові заходи виховного характеру, умовно-дострокове звільнення, строки давності виконання обвинувального вироку, освобождение несовершеннолетних от наказания и его отбывания, discharge juveniles from punishment and from serving it, comparative study